PHY 276 Medical Optics

Semester: Fall - alternating
Credit Hours: 4
Prerequisite: PHY 227, 246, MTH 165. Open to upper-level undergraduates with instructor permission.

Major Topics are biomedical spectroscopy (absorption, fluorescence, Raman, elastic scattering); propagation of photons in higly scattering media (such as tissue); techniques for high-resolution imaging in biological media: confocal imaging, multiphoton imaging, and optical coherence tomography. (Cross-listed OPT 476).

syllabus

• (1) Introductory discussion of biomedical optics research
• (1) Biology 101: Cells and organs
• Typical medical goals for optics-based research
• (5) Absorption Spectroscopy
• Physics and terminology
• IR
• Visible
• Special case: hemoglobin
• (7) Scattering: Scalar Theory (diffusion)
• Fundamentals
• Radiative transfer equation
• Diffusion approximation
• Derivation of diffusion equation
• Time-dependent diffusion: spatial measurements
• Time-dependent diffusion: time and frequency-domain measurements
• Medical applications
• (1) Scattering: Wave theory
• Mie theory
• Wavelength, angle dependence
• Full electromagnetic calculations
• Application: nuclear sizing
• (2)Inelastic Spectroscopies
• Fluorescence - intensity
  - Lifetime, lifetime quenching
• Raman - spontaneous vs. stimulated
  - stokes vs. anti-stokes
  - resonance vs. non-resonant
• (2) Inelastic Spectroscopies
• Least squares fits
• Spectrum estimation
• Multivariate regrssion
• Principal components
• Partial least squares
• Discriminant analysis
• Logistic regression
• (4) Imaging: High Resolution
• Existing modalities
• Sources of optical contrast
• Confocal microscopy
  - single-point-scanning systems
  - full-field systems
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
  - instrumentation of OCT
  - adding doppler
  - adding spectroscopy
• Two-photon & multiphoton microscopy
• Role of ultrafast lasers in high resolution imaging
• Fluorescence & Raman: spectroscopy plus imaging
• (1) Imaging: Low Resolution
• Diffuse optical tomography
  - inverse problem in diffusion theory
  - mammography
  - brain scanning
• (2) Therapy: Light-Tissue Interactions
• Photo-tissue processes
  - photothermal
  - photochemical
• Monitoring photodynamic processes
• Medical applications

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